It has become one of the screams of meeting of reactionary and populist leaders in the world. At its inauguration, on January 20, Donald Trump declared that the United States would recognize onwards “only two genres: men and women”, as defined at birth. Three days later, in Davos, the Argentine president Javier Milei used “gender ideology” as the leitmotif of his attacks against the “mental virus of the ideology of the wake.” Similarly, Vladimir Putin has regularly condemned the “called gender freedoms” of the West, which he considered “decadent.”
Before becoming an emblematic problem for illiberal governments, the concept of gender is, first, an analytical tool, commonly used in social sciences. Conceived in the 1950s, within American psychological and medical circles, “it was intended to distinguish, within the context of clinical medicine for intersex and transsexual individuals, the biological phenomena (sex) of the social roles attributed to the subject) between the two,” explained the philosopher Pauline Clochac, author of Après l’Endentity (“After identity”).
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